Transforming Government through Knowledge Management (KM) and Communities of Practice (CoP) examines the role of KM and in particular the role of CoPs in public sector transformation. This presentation discusses the central role of Knowledge Management (KM) in government transformation initiatives and explains how Communities of Practice (CoP), a concrete KM technique, can transform government agencies into learning organizations. It presents strategies, processes and infrastructure to develop CoP in Government and provides examples of Government CoP initiatives at the national and trans-national levels, whilst highlighting the possibility of using CoP to provide bottom-up support to e-Government development and discusses how UNU can assist in achieving this goal through the UNeGov.net initiative